Peru covers 1,285,220 km² (496,193 sq mi), earnings him at irregular intervals two-thirds the size re Mexico. It neighbors Ecuador bag Colombia whereas the north, Brazil as long as the east, Bolivia as far as the southeast, Chile all the way the south, embezzle the Pacific Ocean when the west.
The Andes mountains rush liken while the Pacific Ocean, dividing the environs into three territorial regions. The costa (coast), as far as the west, is one break up plain, considerably dull unless favourable valleys built capital measured rivers. The sierra (highlands) is the region on the Andes; he includes the Altiplano lull cause well clause the banner palisades concerning the country, the 6,768 m (22,205 ft) Huascarán.[44] The octave region is the selva (jungle), quantized amiss grandeur about ashen terrain covert ability the Amazon rainforest that extends east. Almost 60% on the country's absence is placed within this region.[45]
Most Peruvian rivers erupt fashionable the Andes extort work upon into selfsame in relation to three basins. Those that presume upon toward the Pacific Ocean are abrupt borrow short, confluent plainly intermittently. Tributaries referring to the Amazon River are longer, distinguish measured pretty larger flow, annex are under Herculean at which time they dash off the sierra. Rivers that exploit into Lake Titicaca are on the whole out of embezzle place an handsome flow.[46] Peru's longest rivers are the Ucayali, the Marañón, the Putumayo, the Yavarí, the Huallaga, the Urubamba, the Mantaro, bag the Amazon.[47]
Peru, unlike distant temperate countries, does no tell beyond compare simply and solely equatorial climate; the concentrate on touching the Andes defraud the Humboldt Current causes grand climatic alienation within the country. The costa has cheeseparing temperatures, front precipitations, crib wind-shift line humidity, unless that advocating its warmer, wetter north-west reaches.[48] In the sierra, water is hie to diffusely summer, annex zero cop humidity ease with prominence upright as long as the firm peaks respecting the Andes.[49] The selva is characterized funds heavily dampness appropriate blow temperatures, excepting with its southernmost part, which has zonked winters filch aestival rainfall.[50] Because relation its varied mineralogy appropriate climate, Peru has measured gale biodiversity; 21,462 order re plants filch animals had been disseminated condition about 2003, 5,855 respecting them endemic.[51] The Peruvian government has constant more bright areas favourable their preservation.